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1 Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion …

First, we quantify and compare the 115 refinement of mined concentrate from natural deposits into battery-grade materials in conventional 116 supply chains with production of these materials by …

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Comparative environmental and economic assessment of …

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) aims to reduce CO 2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector, primarily using lithium-ion batteries. The transition to a wireless era is causing a surge in battery demand across sectors, with projections showing a surge in Li-ion battery (LiB) power requirements from 700 GWh in 2022 to 4.7 TWh in 2030 …

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Analogical environmental cost assessment of silicon flows …

Mining Processing Manufacturing Recycling Energy Water Emissions; 11: ... Comparison of environmental costs of silicon flows. The environmental costs associated with silicon flows used in solar PV manufacturing include factors such as energy consumption, water usage, emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, as well as the impact on ...

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Determining the environmental costs of mining projects: A …

Preventing, reducing, or compensating costs for adverse environmental impacts of mining are assessed. Critical factors influencing the environmental costs are considered in the …

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Comparing the Energy Cost: Copper Mining vs.

Reduced Energy Consumption: Recycling copper uses less energy than mining and processing ore. Savings could reach as high as 85%, making recycling copper an environmentally-friendly alternative.

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Comparative analysis on costs and benefits of producing …

Recycling of waste concrete may serve as a solution for reducing, not only the over-exploitation of quarries but also for reducing the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from mining [3].Recently, the use of RAC in structural applications to replace natural aggregate concrete, has gained greater significance for the following reasons: First, it allows …

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Comparison between pyro-and hydrometallurgical LIBs recycling processes

Recycling battery components, especially high-value cathodes from EOL LIBs can minimize hazardous waste release and reduce the mining activities by returning critical minerals to supply chain [5 ...

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Comparing the Energy Cost: Copper Mining vs. Recycling

Comparing the Energy Cost: Copper Mining vs. Recycling. Copper's remarkable properties, such as electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, make it indispensable in industries as diverse as electronics to construction. Yet one central question remains when it comes to mining or recycling copper: ...

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Comparing Recyclability: Aluminum vs. Other Metals and …

Aluminum: Recycling aluminum results in approximately 1,500 kg of CO2 emissions per ton, compared to 8,000 kg from primary production. This substantial reduction highlights the significant environmental benefits of aluminum recycling in terms of carbon emissions. Steel: Steel recycling generates around 1,800 kg of CO2 emissions per ton, …

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Study Highlights Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling vs Mining …

An article recently published in Nature Communications comprehensively compared the environmental impact of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling with traditional mining supply chains using life cycle assessment (LCA). The goal was to measure the effects of both processes and provide insights into battery supply chain sustainability.

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Social impact assessment in the mining sector: Review and comparison …

The contribution of the mining sector in the SDG achievement is discussed in a report by the Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment, the Word Economic Forum, and the United Nations (CCSI et al., 2016). The report shows how mining companies could integrate into core business actions and objectives that contribute to the achievement of SDG.

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Determining the environmental costs of mining projects: A …

By quantifying the environmental costs of mining activities per ton of ore, it is possible to optimize the ultimate pit limit or select the most profitable extraction method for blocks with combined mining potential. ... Table 1 provides a comparison of the characteristics of the present study and the most critical studies for determining the ...

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Mining, metals & recycling – an integrated approach to …

Some people will argue that recycling is the answer to a future short fall in critical metals supplies. Recycling isn't the answer, but it is an important part of the answer. It helps to relieve pressure on primary supply pathways which will be stretched almost to breaking point by the demands of the green energy transition.. Given the common goals of climate change and …

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Economic and environmental comparison of emerging …

However, current plastic recycling is mainly limited to mechanical processes (Lange, 2021).Due to high costs, plastic property degradation and contamination, and the inability to recycle highly contaminated plastics, solely deploying mechanical recycling does not cost-effectively achieve high recovery rates of plastic (Lange, 2021; Takada and Bell, L, 2021; …

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Plastic incineration versus recycling: a comparison of …

JOURNALOF HAZARDOUS _MATERIALS ELSEVIER Journal of Hazardous Materials 47 (1996) 295-302 Plastic incineration versus recycling: a comparison of energy and landfill cost savings W. Reid Lea* Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Orleans, Engineering Building 810, New Orleans GA 70148, USA Received 11 April …

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Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery recycling …

Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can supplement critical materials and improve the environmental sustainability of LIB supply chains. In this work, environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, energy consumption) of industrial-scale production of battery-grade cathode ma …

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Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery recycling …

Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can supplement existing supplies of critical materials and improve the environmental sustainability of LIB supply chains. In this work, environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, energy consumption) of industrial-scale production of battery-grade cathode materials from used LIBs are compared to …

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A techno-economic assessment of two recycling processes …

Electricity costs are derived from Eurostat data for 2007 to 2022, with energy consumption of between two and 20 GWh per year serving as the basis for pricing [40]. The electricity price is thus 242.70 €/MWh. Water costs are estimated at 2.07 €/m 3 for consumption between 2,001 m 3 and 5,000 m 3 per year [78]. Prices for CuO-containing (30% ...

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Copper Mining vs. Recycling: Comparing the Energy Cost:

These points are often pointed out, but no one compares the benefits of copper and other metal mining to normal recycling. We are here to explore it. Throughout this article, we will go over the main difference between mining and recycling copper, have a deeper look at copper mining, and how M&M Recycling can help.

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Institutional conditions for Swedish metal production: …

to the metal mining sector. Keywords: Subsidy, Recycling, Mining, Metal, Policy. Highlights • We compare subsidization of the metal recycling sector and the metal mining sector • The metal mining sector is fundamentally more subsidized • Per tonne of metal produced the recycling sector seems to add higher added value

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Comparison Of Bitcoin's Environmental Impact

The following is a republishing of Hass McCook's "Comparing Bitcoin's Environmental Impact…," which was first published here.. NOTE: The methodology and underlying figures (specifically, emission rates for gold and banking) mentioned throughout are generally derived from my 2014 and 2018 works. The 2018 work is available as an easier-to …

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Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery …

Factors central to the success of recycling include the cost of collecting products, the cost of recycling processes, and the economic value of recovered materials.

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Environmental impact and economic assessment of recycling …

However, the cost and complexity of recycling have resulted in less than 5% of lithium-ion batteries being processed at recycling plants worldwide (Makwarimba et al., 2022).China has started large-scale recycling of lithium resources in 2014, but 97% of the lithium is discarded in the environment (Zeng and Li, 2015).After 2016, despite the rapid rise in lithium …

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Comparing Polymer Recycling Technologies for a Circular …

TY - GEN. T1 - Comparing Polymer Recycling Technologies for a Circular Plastic Economy. AU - Uekert, Taylor. PY - 2023. Y1 - 2023. N2 - This presentation summarizes the research article "Technical, Economic, and Environmental Comparison of Closed-Loop Recycling Technologies for Common Plastics" by Uekert et al. (ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023) for a carpet …

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A systematic analysis of the costs and environmental …

To make the nation's REE supply chains more resilient, the U.S. Department of Energy has articulated three strategic pillars (U.S. Department of Energy 2021) –– supply diversification, development of material substitutes, and reuse and recycling.In this paper, we focus on the recycling pillar; specifically, we examine EOL of spent NiMH batteries from HEV …

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Copper Recycling Flow Model for the United States …

Comparison among scenarios for total embedded copper use in final consumption (left y axis) in the 2012 US economy and associated energy consumption (right y axis). Error bars for copper …

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Comparison of Hydrometallurgical and Hybrid Recycling Processes …

Variable cost includes the cost of reagents (leaching, precipitating, slag-forming and reducing agents) and electricity. The data for INR/unit for the reagents is taken from the India Mart (an Indian e-commerce company) website. Table 2 shows the estimation of different components of variable costs for recycling batteries. The inputs regarding ...

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Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion …

Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery recycling and mining supply chains ... ducts, the cost of recycling processes, and the economic value of ...

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Platinum Cost Curves

Platinum Cost Curves In 2020, the total all-in sustaining costs per Pt. eq. oz in ZAR terms decreased by 10.1%. The total all-in sustaining costs per Pt. eq. oz in USD terms decreased by 21.3%, year-on-year, as the average Rand weakened significantly year-on-year. The decrease in equivalent costs is mainly due to increase in 4E

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Comparative analysis on costs and benefits of producing …

resulting from mining [3].Recently, the use of RAC in structural applications to replace natural ... Cost at recycling plant B (US$ per tonne) Average cost (US$ per tonne) Equipment 7.33 6.97 7.15 ...