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Radioactive waste roads in Florida: …

The commonly used production process, which dates to the 1840s, is not very efficient.For every ton of phosphoric acid produced, more than 5 tons of phosphogypsum waste is generated.. Florida has ...

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Phosphogypsum Stacks

Phosphogypsum Stacks. America is blessed with abundant low-cost natural gypsum. There is also an abundance of flue gas desulfurization gypsum produced as a by-product of coal-fired power plants. As a result, the market for the phosphogypsum generated by the chemical processing of phosphate rock has traditionally been limited. ...

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Potential uses of phosphogypsum: A review

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt, with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts.

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Phosphogypsum

Phosphogypsum is a radioactive waste from phosphate ore processing. Learn about EPA's rules for managing phosphogypsum in stacks and approving other uses of phosphogypsum.

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Effect of phosphogypsum on physiochemical and …

Phosphogypsum is the main by-product during the manufacture process of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock. 1 Because phosphoric acid is one of the most important composition in fertilizer industry, the amount of phosphogypsum rapidly increases at a rate of about 70 million tons per year with a very low utilization ratio (less than 15%) in China. The …

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Phosphogypsum – An Industrial Byproduct with Value

Phosphogypsum is a by-product of phosphoric acid production that is often stored in stacks. Learn about its environmental and economic challenges, an…

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Phosphogypsum production and utilization in China

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a radioactive industrial by-product produced in large quantities when processing phosphate ores into fertilizers. With rapid growth of high concentration phosphate and compound fertilizers production in China, PG production is increasing every year. Phosphogypsum is usually stored in such a way that it not only occupies a ...

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Potential uses of phosphogypsum: A review

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt, with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts. The aim of this ...

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Phosphogypsum Factsheet

Phosphogypsum is the radioactive waste from processing phosphate ore into phosphoric acid which is predominantly used in fertilizer. In addition to radioactive materials, phosphogypsum and process wastewater can also contain carcinogens and toxic heavy metals like antimony, ar-

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Radiation and Phosphogypsum

Radiation and Phosphogypsum • Both natural gypsum and phosphogypsum contain radioactivity, but phosphogypsum contains more. • In the manufacture of phosphoric acid, the acid is filtered through cloth to remove solids. The radium is filtered out with the solids. The solid portion is known as phosphogypsum. ...

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(PDF) Phosphogypsum Processing Method

Phosphogypsum with a high content of natural radionuclides, specifically those present in the decay series of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th, is a byproduct (waste material) of a chemical reaction between ...

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Phosphogypsum Factsheet

Phosphogypsum is the radioactive waste from phosphate ore processing that can contain carcinogens and toxic metals. Learn why conservation groups are petitioning the EPA to …

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Phosphogypsum | Encyclopedia MDPI

Phosphogypsum dumps are located in open areas in close proximity to the enterprise, natural complexes, and even settlements, and occupy vast territories. Transportation of phosphogypsum and storage in dumps entails investment and operating costs. For example, ...

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EPA Approves Use of Phosphogypsum in Road Construction

Phosphogypsum is a byproduct of phosphate fertilizer production that is regulated for radioactive contamination. EPA allows its limited use in government road projects under …

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Reuse of phosphogypsum pretreated with water washing as …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is reused as aggregate in the cemented backfill, which effectively improves the PG reutilization efficiency. However, the massive impurities contained in aggregate PG would ...

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Biden EPA approves project to build road in Florida out of

Under the Clean Air Act, phosphogypsum must be disposed of in engineered piles called stacks to limit public exposure. A 2022 paper in the peer-reviewed journal Heliyon noted that phosphogypsum "stacked in the open severely damages soils, water systems, atmosphere and other environments. Radon-222 exhalation and hazardous gases containing ...

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Staged purification of phosphogypsum using pH …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial by-product of the transformation of phosphate rocks. For decades, PG has been a source of environmental concern due to the massive amount produced thus far, i.e., 7 billion tons, with a current production rate of 200–280 million tons per year. Phosphate minerals contain various impurities that precipitate and …

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Building forests from phosphogypsum | Nutrien

Phosphogypsum is a powdery gypsum byproduct of the phosphate fertilizer production process. Huge piles of the material, known as gypstacks, are found at phosphate sites worldwide, including Nutrien's. Typically, gypstack reclamation involves contouring the piles, covering them with soil and seeding them to a grass mixture.

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Performance and hydration mechanisms of ultrafine iron ore …

The rapid expansion of the phosphate chemical industry has led to a significant increase in phosphogypsum (PG), an industrial by-product of wet-process phosphoric acid production. Despite this growth, the resource reutilization rate of PG remains below 25 %, presenting a formidable challenge for the industry [ 1, 2 ].

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Harmless treatment technology of phosphogypsum: …

The main component of phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4. 2H 2 O). The existence of bond water of phosphogypsum leads to multiple ways of resource utilization (Gonfiantini and Fontes, 1963; Palacio et al., 2014; Cole and Lancucki, 1972).CaSO 4. 2H 2 O is an environmentally friendly saturated structure. Phosphogypsum is a solid by-product …

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Phosphogypsum, the composition and …

Phosphogypsum, the composition of the formula: Phosphogypsum – a fertilizerused for plastering of soils. Phosphogypsum contains at least 80% of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) in the form of small crystals and 0.4% water-soluble …

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Life cycle environmental and economic assessment of Phosphogypsum …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a byproduct generated during the wet processing of phosphoric acid production from phosphate rock (Baolin et al., 2022).It is estimated that 4.5–5.5 tons of PG are produced for per ton of phosphorus pentoxide produced (El-Didamony et al., 2012).PG has a complex, with more than 80 %−90 % consisting of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. However, …

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Beneficial Use of Mosaic Phosphogypsum

phosphogypsum (PG) as a partial supplement in road base material through chemical and physical characterization. Past work included identifying several potential sources of PG and performing preliminary chemical characterization, …

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Radioactive Material From Fertilizer Production

Phosphogypsum, a waste product from manufacturing fertilizer, emits radon, a radioactive gas. It also contains the radioactive elements …

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Notice of Approval for Other Use of Phosphogypsum

Any other use of phosphogypsum requires prior approval from the EPA. The EPA may approve a request for a specific use of phosphogypsum if it determines that the proposed use is at least as protective of public health as placement of phosphogypsum in a stack. The processes for requesting such an approval are described in 40 CFR 61.206.

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Preparation of gypsum with high purity and whiteness from phosphogypsum …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste product generated during wet-process phosphoric acid production. Various impurities considerably reduce the purity, whiteness, and application range of PG. This ...

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Phosphogypsum: A Review of the Florida Institute of …

Phosphogypsum disposal was a very simple matter in the early days of the industry. If at all possible, you located your plant near the ocean or on a river and dumped the phosphogypsum into the sea or the river. If you were foolish enough to locate where water disposal was not possible, you suffered the economic penalty of having to stack the ...

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Phosphate Management Program | Florida Department of …

The program regulates the design, construction, operation and maintenance of phosphogypsum stack systems, the wastewater systems associated with the chemical plants that process phosphate ore into fertilizer products. The goal of the program is to ensure the proper closure and long-term monitoring and maintenance of those systems which have ...

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Phosphogypsum Stacks: Formation, Risks, and Remediation

Learn about the byproduct of phosphate fertilizer production, its composition, and its environmental and health implications. Explore the challenges and strategies of managing …

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Phosphogypsum: potential uses and problems – a review

Abstract. Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is a waste product generated by the phosphate industry. World production of this waste exceeds 200 million tonnes per year. PG, discharged into the sea, watercourses or in wilderness stocks, contains toxic elements harmful to ecosystems and human health, including heavy metals and radionuclides, and there is …